Interprofessional clinical decision-making process in health: A scoping review.

AIMS: To describe the key elements of the interprofessional decision-making process in health, based on published scientific studies. To describe the authors, reviews and subject matter of those publications. DESIGN: Scoping review of the literature. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, APA Psycinfo OpenGrey, Lissa and Cochrane databases were searched in December 2019 and January 2023. REVIEW METHODS: References were considered eligible if they (i) were written in French or English, (ii) concerned health, (iii) studied a clinical decision-making process, (iv) were performed in an interprofessional context. 'PRISMA-scoping review' guidelines were respected. The eligible studies were analysed and classified by an inductive approach RESULTS: We identified 1429 sources of information, 145 of which were retained for the analysis. Based on these studies, we identified five key elements of interprofessional decision-making in health. The process was found to be influenced by group dynamics, the available information and consideration of the unique characteristics of the patient. An organizational framework and specific training favoured improvements in the process. CONCLUSION: Decision-making can be based on a willingness of the healthcare organization to promote models based on more shared leadership and to work on professional roles and values. It also requires healthcare professionals trained in the entire continuum of collaborative practices, to meet the unique needs of each patient. Finally, it appears essential to favour the sharing of multiple sources of accessible and structured information. Tools for knowledge formalization should help to optimize interprofessional decision-making in health. IMPACT: The quality of a team decision-making is critical to the quality of care. Interprofessional decision-making can be structured and improved through different levels of action. These improvements could benefit to patients and healthcare professionals in every settings of care involving care collaboration. IMPACT STATEMENT: Interprofessional decision-making in health is an essential lever of quality of care, especially for the most complex patients which are a contemporary challenge. This scoping review article offers a synthesis of a large corpus of data published to date about the interprofessional clinical decision-making process in healthcare. It has the potential to provide a global vision, practical data and a list of references to facilitate the work of healthcare teams, organizations and teachers ready to initiate a change.

Helping teenagers talk about guns and gun violence.

I recently had the opportunity to listen to teenagers talk about guns and gun violence when they attended a summer church camp. Two separate groups; one entering grade 7, 8, and 9 and one entering grade 10, 11, and 12 were asked to share their understandings, feelings, and opinions about guns in a small group setting. Relevant books, articles, and other media were reviewed as part of my preparation for this time. Ground rules were established prior to the conversations, including safety and confidentiality concerns. Each group was asked essentially the same two sets of questions, one related to their school life and one related to their home life. The shared stories generally confirmed the range of understandings, feelings, and opinions anticipated, and provided anecdotal evidence that teenagers today are faced with guns and gun violence as part of their daily lived realities, regardless of their individual, specific demographics. Only limited suggestions were offered to help teenagers cope with their realities. More importantly, this exercise gave the teenagers permission to voice their own thoughts and can serve as a model for future conversations among teenagers.

Desvelamentos e ressignificações: o passado e o presente do povo brasileiro; um relato de experiência / Unveilings and resignifications: the past and present of the brazilian people; an experience report / Desvelamientos y resignificaciones: el pasado y el presente del pueblo brasileño; un informe de experiencia

A partir do bicentenário da Independência do Brasil inúmeros trabalhos de revisão histórica surgiram com a comemoração da data. No entanto, de qual história estamos falando, ou melhor, qual história nos foi contada, por quem e de que forma? Diante dessas inquietações, se questiona como se poderia, através do trabalho de grupo, trazer a conhecimento fatos da história do povo brasileiro que foram sombreados, distorcidos e invisibilizados. O Desvelar, um processo grupal que está em andamento, possui até 14 participantes e tem como constituinte mais importante depoimentos dos participantes (acerca das vivências de apagamento, violência e injustiça). Os encontros tiveram início com a discussão sobre o Projeto Querino (visão afrocentrada da história do Brasil). Este pode ser entendido como objeto mediador para facilitar melhor o conhecimento da história. Conhecendo melhor a história, vamos entender por que somos o que somos hoje. Conhecer seu lugar, sua história, seus condicionantes e seu potencial, levam a um pensamento livre.

Since the bicentennial of Brazil's Independence, numerous historical revisions works emerged with the commemoration of the date. However, what story are we talking about, or rather, what story was told to us, by whom and in what way? Faced with these concerns, it is questioned how it could, through group work, bring to light facts of the history of the Brazilian people that were shaded, distorted and made invisible. The Desvelar, an in progress group process that has up to 14 participants and has as its most important constituent testimonials from the participants (about the experiences of erasure, violence and injustice). The meetings began with a discussion about the Querino Project (Afro-centered view of the history of Brazil). This can be understood as a mediating object, to better facilitate the knowledge of history. Knowing better the history, we will understand why we are what we are today. Knowing our place in the world, our history, our constraints, our potential, leads to a free thinking.

Desde el bicentenario de la Independencia de Brasil, numerosas obras de revisión histórica surgieron con la conmemoración de esa fecha. Sin embargo, de qué historia estamos hablando, o mejor, que historia nos contaron, ¿por quién y de qué manera? Frente a estas preocupaciones, se pregunta cómo se podría, a través del trabajo en grupo, traer al conocimiento hechos de la historia del pueblo brasileño que fueron sombreados, distorsionados e invisibilizados. El Desvelar, un proceso grupal que está en curso, tiene hasta 14 participantes y tiene como componente más importante los testimonios de los participantes (sobre las experiencias de borrado, violencia e injusticia). Las reuniones comenzaron con una discusión sobre el Proyecto Querino (Visión afrocéntrica de la historia de Brasil). Este puede entenderse como un objeto mediador, para facilitar mejor el conocimiento de la historia. Conociendo mejor la historia, entenderemos por qué somos lo que somos hoy. Conocer tu lugar, tu historia, tus limitaciones, tu potencial conduce al pensamiento libre.

[Case Conferences in Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy - Single Case Presentation and General Recommendations]. / Die Fallbesprechung in der stationären Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie ­ Empfehlungen zum Vorgehen anhand einer Einzelfalldarstellung.

Case conference in a teamgroup in inpatient psychotherapy with children and adolescents are a tool to focus those aspects of treatment relations that can not (yet) be verbalized but present themselves in actions during the treatment. This paper gives a brief overview on the theory and methodology of case conferences and refers to an ongoing study. The presentation of a case conference leads to giving some general recommendations.

Are group identity and sense of belonging relevant for group pain management programmes? An exploratory pilot study.

Introduction: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)-based programmes for chronic pain are often conducted in groups, most likely for time and cost efficiencies. However, there has been very little investigation of the role that the group itself, and particularly the processes occurring within the group, may play in individual outcomes. The objective of this study was to explore whether social group processes were relevant to key treatment outcomes of group CBT for chronic pain. Method: Data were collected from 15 groups (N = 118) undertaking a pain management programme in a tertiary setting. Intraclass correlations were computed to determine any clustering of outcomes in groups, and linear mixed modelling analysis explored pre-registered hypotheses of associations between treatment outcomes and the social group processes of Group Identification and Sense of Belonging. Results: A weak association between early identification with the group and changes in pain-related disability was shown. In addition, an enhanced global Sense of Belonging was associated with increased pain self-efficacy. Conclusion: These associations, in a programme that had not been designed to address group processes, suggest that their relevance is worth further investigation, particularly in group programmes that do focus on the social consequences of chronic pain. Future studies should investigate whether manipulation of social group processes within a CBT-based pain programme enhances pain-related outcomes and improves the overall well-being of people with chronic pain.

What Does It Take for Research to Be Rehabilitation Research?

Six recommendations to facilitate rehabilitation research and supplement existing research practices were identified. Rehabilitation practice requires research addressing different long-term multi-faceted needs and perspectives of end users, including service users, professionals, politicians, and administrators. Research in rehabilitation should therefore integrate different research traditions and methods. Rehabilitation research with a broad focus is sparse, and most of the research takes its starting point in the biomedical research tradition. Through a nominal group process, we developed recommendations to emphasize important issues in rehabilitation research.

Creating Alternative Reality: A Case Study.

The sense of reality that underlie political beliefs are created through a group process that emerges from the intersection of the psyches of leaders and followers. An alternative reality is constructed by the demagogue's assertions which express or channel unconscious needs. Antecedents of the contemporary American situation are evident in earlier populist and Fascist movements, the hallmark of which were an attack on all "truth" except that which reflects the power of the leader. Faults in the social field and demagogic techniques lead to alternative narratives and "facts" that are maintained with fervor. Reality is characterized by a lack of complexity or ambiguity. Emotional investment is intensified by primitive needs of the self. Cognitive dissonance and confirmation bias guarantee a resistance to reflection. Evidence and logic give way to wish, loyalty and power as the criteria for truth. Ultimately a clash of realities results in complex social trauma.

Práxis em Psicologia Social: Experiências de Pesquisa e Extensão na Microrregião de São João del-Rei / Praxis in Social Psychology: Research Experiences and Extension in the Microregion of São João del-Rei / Praxis en Psicología Social: Experiencias de Investigación y Extensión en la Microrregión de São João del-Rei

Este artigo visa a destacar a experiência de trabalho em Psicologia Social desenvolvida pelo grupo de ensino, pesquisa e extensão denominado "Processos grupais e articulações identitárias (PGAI), vinculado ao Laboratório de Pesquisa e Intervenção Psicossocial (LAPIP) da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ). Busca-se, sobretudo, relatar como os saberes e fazeres do PGAI amparados pela Psicologia Social Crítica e suas categorias de análise, podem contribuir para a emancipação de algumas populações de São João del-Rei. Pretende-se identificar também como o processo grupal pode fortalecer a construção de políticas públicas locais, de forma a promover transformação social. Foi possível perceber que a práxis que o grupo vem exercendo tem possibilitado a efetivação de mudanças no cotidiano das pessoas envolvidas que, marcadas por alguns eixos de desigualdade e opressão, encontram-se em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Nesse sentido, as práticas realizadas permitem ao público envolvido tanto desenvolver uma consciência crítica, quanto exercer ações de mudança social, favorecendo, assim, melhores condições de vida e novos sentidos existenciais.

This article aims to highlight the work experience in Social Psychology developed by the teaching, research and extension group called "Group processes and identity articulations: possible partnerships and interactions with public health and social inclusion policies" (PGAI), linked to the Laboratory of Research and Psychosocial Intervention (LAPIP) at the Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ). It seeks, above all, to report how the knowledge and actions of the PGAI, supported by Critical Social Psychology and its analysis categories, can contribute to the emancipation of some populations of São João del-Rei. It is also intended to identify how the group process can strengthen the construction of local public policies, in order to promote social transformation. It was possible to notice that the praxis that the group has been exercising has enabled the implementation of changes in the daily lives of the people involved who, marked by some axes of inequality and oppression, are in a situation of social vulnerability. In this sense, the practices carried out allow the public involved to both develop a critical awareness and carry out actions for social change, thus favoring better living conditions and new existential meanings.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo resaltar la experiencia laboral en Psicología Social desarrollada por el grupo de docencia, investigación y extensión denominado "Procesos grupales y articulaciones identitarias: posibles alianzas e interacciones con políticas de salud pública e inclusión social" (PGAI), vinculado al Laboratorio de Investigación. e Intervención Psicosocial (LAPIP) en la Universidad Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ). Se busca, sobre todo, informar cómo los conocimientos y acciones del PGAI, apoyados por la Psicología Social Crítica y sus categorías de análisis, pueden contribuir a la emancipación de algunas poblaciones de São João del-Rei. También se pretende identificar cómo el proceso grupal puede fortalecer la construcción de políticas públicas locales, con el fin de promover la transformación social. Se pudo notar que la práctica que viene ejerciendo el grupo ha permitido implementar cambios en la vida cotidiana de las personas involucradas que, marcadas por algunos ejes de desigualdad y opresión, se encuentran en una situación de vulnerabilidad social. En este sentido, las prácticas realizadas permiten involucrar a la ciudadanía tanto para desarrollar una conciencia crítica como para realizar acciones de cambio social, favoreciendo así mejores condiciones de vida y nuevos significados existenciales.

Aprende-se a ser pai?: A participação de homens em grupos de gestantes e casais grávidos / Does one learn to be a father?: The participation of men in groups of pregnant women and pregnant couples / ¿Se aprende a ser padre?: La participación de hombres en grupos de mujeres embarazadas y parejas embarazadas

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a participação de homens em grupos de gestantes para a manifestação do vínculo e do papel com seu filho durante o período gravídico-puerperal. O levantamento dos dados ocorreu a partir de um grupo focal de três encontros virtuais, realizados quinzenalmente com casais grávidos. Por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva, pode-se perceber que o grupo de gestantes auxiliou no aprimoramento da maternagem e paternagem e no fortalecimento do vínculo que já existia no casal, refletindo no cuidado e participação ao longo de todo o processo gestacional, bem como nos primeiros anos do bebê.

The research aimed to analyze men's participation in groups of pregnant women for the manifestation of the bond and the role with their child during the pregnancy-puerperal period. Data survey took place from a focus group of three virtual meetings, held every two weeks with pregnant couples. Through the Discursive Textual Analysis, it can be seen that the group of pregnant women helped in the improvement of motherhood and fatherhood and in strengthening the bond that already existed in the couple, reflecting in the care and participation throughout the entire gestational process, as well as in the baby's first years.

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la participación de hombres en grupos de mujeres embarazadas para la manifestación del vínculo y del papel con su hijo durante el período embarazo-puerperio. La recolección de datos se realizó a partir de un grupo focal de tres reuniones virtuales, celebradas cada dos semanas con parejas embarazadas. A través del Análisis Textual Discursivo, se puede ver que el grupo de mujeres embarazadas ayudó a mejorar la maternidad y la paternidad y a fortalecer el vínculo que ya existía en la pareja, lo que se refleja en el cuidado y la participación durante todo el proceso gestacional, así como en los primeros años del bebé.

A Systematic Review of Interventions Targeting Criminogenic Risk Factors Among Persons With Serious Mental Illness.

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with serious mental illness are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. Research has found that interventions targeting risk factors for recidivism (i.e., criminogenic risks) reduce justice involvement in the general correctional population. However, more needs to be learned regarding use of these interventions among individuals with serious mental illness. To this end, this systematic review synthesized research on interventions that target criminogenic risk factors and are delivered to justice-involved individuals with serious mental illness. METHODS: A systematic search of six computerized bibliographic databases from inception to 2021 yielded 8,360 potentially relevant studies. Title and abstract screening, full-text reviews, and data extraction were performed independently, and discrepancies were resolved through discussion. To identify additional articles meeting inclusion criteria, experts in the field were contacted, and reference-harvesting techniques were used. Study quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were identified that evaluated nine interventions delivered to justice-involved individuals with serious mental illness. All identified programs targeted criminogenic risk factors, were group based, and used cognitive-behavioral strategies. Study quality was moderate to high. Interventions were associated with improvements in recidivism, violence, and criminogenic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: This review is the first to evaluate interventions targeting criminogenic risks among justice-involved individuals with serious mental illness. Findings suggest that outcomes associated with these interventions are promising. Given the overrepresentation of persons with serious mental illness in the criminal justice system, these findings provide an important step toward identifying services that curb justice involvement in this population.

Recruitment Process in Salafi-Jihadist Groups in the Middle East (A Qualitative Study).

Studies on the psychology of terrorism and fundamentalism place great importance on the role of groups, with a central concept of "us" versus "them." The present study examines how and why Salafi-jihadist groups in the Middle East have attracted typical citizens. The participants in this qualitative study were unremarkable Kurdish people living near the western borders of Iran with an allegiance toward Salafi-jihadist groups. We selected 12 people for the purposes of this study. Findings indicate that "group adaptation" and "rejection of the other" are the two overarching themes pointed out by the participants. Group adaptation included four sub-themes: (a) Idealization of, plus identification and assimilation with the leader, (b) developing strong group bonds, (c) direct and nonhierarchical agency of the individual in the group, and (d) group hypnotic suggestion. The "rejection of the other" included two sub-themes: (a) in-group rejection (reducing legitimate Islam to Salafism) and (b) out-group rejection (rejection of non-Muslims). The results of the study highlight the importance of a sense of belonging to the group in the process of recruitment and assimilation of individuals into jihadist groups. Findings also indicate that the concepts of adaptation and rejection play a pivotal role in the formation of fundamentalist Salafi-jihadist groups and resultant violence. We discuss the implications of group analysis for possible ways to counterterrorism.

How can learning effects be measured in Balint groups? Validation of a Balint group questionnaire in China.

BACKGROUND: Balint groups aim to reflect doctor-patient relationships on the basis of personal cases. This study reports the validation of a questionnaire aimed at the identification of learning processes among Balint group participants in China. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted during Balint group sessions in Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai. A heterogeneous sample of different professional groups was intended to adequately capture the reality of Balint work in China. After a Balint group session, the participants were asked to complete the Mandarin version of the Balint group session questionnaire (BGQ-C) and the group questionnaire (GQ), an internationally validated instrument to assess central dimensions of therapeutic relationships during group processes. RESULTS: Questionnaires from n = 806 participants from 55 Chinese Balint groups, predominantly comprising individuals with a medical background, were analyzed. Most participants were female (74.6%), and the average age was 34.2 years old (SD = 9.4). The results indicated good to very good reliability (Cronbach's α = .70 to .86; retest rs = .430 to .697). The verification of the construct validity of the BGQ-C showed satisfying convergent (rs = .465 to .574) and discriminant validity (rs = -.117 to -.209). The model was tested with a confirmatory factor analysis of a three-factor model (standardized root mean square residual = .025; comparative fit index = .977; Tucker-Lewis index = .971). The 3 empirically identified scales resulted in good model fit with the theoretical dimensions of Balint work postulated in the literature: "reflection of transference dynamics in the doctor-patient relationship", "emotional and cognitive learning" and "case mirroring in the dynamic of the group". Due to the high correlations between the factors, a single-factor model was possible. A group comparison between the German and Chinese samples showed different loadings across cultures. CONCLUSIONS: The BGQ-C is a quick-to-complete, item-based measuring instrument that allows the relevant dimensions of Balint group work to be recorded. This study suggests good psychometric properties of the Chinese version. Nevertheless, it must be assumed that the composition of constructs in the two countries is different.

Gangbangin on the [Face]Book: Understanding Online Interactions of Chicago Latina/o Gangs.

OBJECTIVES: This study examines gang group processes on the digital street to understand if gang processes in the online environment mimic those on geographic street corners. Specifically, this paper examines what conditions influence whether gangs interact negatively or positively in online spaces and how online interactions relate to geographic proximity of gangs. METHODS: This study uses digital trace data web scraped from a public Facebook about Chicago Latina/o gangs combined with geographic locations of gang territories. Negative binomial regression models are used to investigate the conditions under which gangs interact with one another. RESULTS: This study finds that interactions among gangs are conditional on the type of post displayed and negative gang interactions in online spaces are moderately correlated with geographic proximity. CONCLUSIONS: The tendency to show identification with the gang group or hostility to rival groups is not always evident. Rather, interactions are contextualized in the situation of the online environment. In addition, in our sample geographic proximity is not a primary condition of gang interactions. The digital street enables gang members to interact with other gangs in faraway locales and individuals in close geographic proximity. We find gang members take the opportunity to interact with both groups.

Projeto de conversações públicas sobre a diferença de opiniões acerca do Programa Bolsa Família / Public conversation project on the difference of opinions about the Bolsa Família Program

O Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) divide opiniões no cenário brasileiro contemporâneo em debates permeados de argumentos abstratos, generalizantes e sentimentos intensos. Neste estudo, busca-se compreender o processo de produção de sentidos em uma facilitação de diálogos, a partir da metodologia do Projeto de Conversações Públicas (PCP), em um encontro entre 10 pessoas com opiniões polarizadas sobre o PBF. A transcrição da audiogravação do encontro foi analisada a partir da perspectiva construcionista social. Os repertórios interpretativos, discursos e posicionamentos relacionados às opiniões a favor e contra o PBF e o feedback dos participantes sobre o encontro foram ressaltados e discutidos.

The Bolsa Família Program (PBF) divides opinions in the contemporary Brazilian scenario into debates permeated by abstract arguments, generalizations and intense feelings. This study seeks to understand the process of producing meanings in dialogue facilitation, based on the methodology of the Public Conversation Project (PCP), in a meeting between 10 people with polarized opinions about the PBF. The transcription of the audio recording of the meeting was analyzed from the social constructionist perspective. The interpretative repertoires, discourses and positions related to the opinions for and against the PBF and the participants' feedback on the meeting were highlighted and discussed.

An Integrative Review Considering the Impact of Storytelling and Sharing Interventions in Stroke.

BACKGROUND: Review-based research is needed which can establish the psychosocial outcomes and mechanisms of "storytelling and sharing" interventions for people with stroke. This information will act to inform the value and development of such interventions. METHODS: An integrative review was conducted in three stages: (a) a systematic search strategy was undertaken to focus on articles between 2009 until January 2020 to locate articles the considered storytelling and sharing interventions for people diagnosed with stroke; (b) critical appraisal was undertaken to assess study quality; and (c) synthesis within three stages including data reduction, data display and conclusion. RESULTS: Fourteen articles (including 727 participants) were identified that met the eligibility criteria. Five themes were identified that represented the outcome and mechanisms that appeared to be associated with a stroke intervention. These included introducing the concept of hope and learning to be positive, the enhanced ability to cope, the impact of loneliness and social interaction, impact on emotions, depression and related emotions such as fear. CONCLUSIONS: Storytelling interventions appear to impact loneliness, introduce positivity and hope and enable coping through knowledge exchange. The main mechanisms which appeared to influence these outcomes were social comparisons and social control.

Public health interventions for preventing re-infection of Opisthorchis viverrini: application of the self-efficacy theory and group process in high-prevalent areas of Thailand.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of public health interventions in preventing Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) re-infection in high-prevalence areas of Thailand. METHODS: 68 people from Sisaket, the province with the second-highest prevalence in Thailand, who tested positive for OV eggs in faeces and took praziquantel before the start of the study, participated. 34 participants were allocated to the experimental group, which received a 12-week public health intervention based on the self-efficacy theory and group process between July and October 2018. The control group received the usual services. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a reliability of 0.84. Faecal examinations using the formalin-ether concentration technique were conducted before and after the experiment. The re-infection rate was analysed after the experimental 12 weeks and after one year. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including paired t-test and independent t-test, were employed for data analysis. RESULTS: After the experiment, the mean scores of knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, self-efficacy expectation and OV prevention behaviour of the experimental group were significantly higher than before the experiment and also higher than scores of the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The public health intervention is useful. It educated the experimental group about OV, perceived self-efficacy and self-efficacy expectation in changing behaviour to prevent OV re-infection. As a result, no re-infections were observed after the 12-week intervention nor at the one-year follow-up. Public health benefits will be evident if the results are extended to other high-prevalence areas.

Developing Reflexivity through Group Processes in Psychotherapy Training: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Systemic Family Therapy Trainees' Experience.

Constructionist approaches in the field of systemic family therapy prioritize reflexivity to promote personal development within training, often leaning on group processes. Drawing from a qualitative study we conducted to address the lack of related research, we present how systemic family therapy trainees experience reflexivity development through group processes. Ten systemic family therapy trainees participated in semi-structured interviews, transcribed and analyzed with interpretative phenomenological analysis. Analysis presented here reports three superordinate themes: Developing reflexivity through challenges and rewards, A conditional reflexive space within the training group, and Encountering the dynamics of identity via reflexive group processes. Our findings suggest that trainees experience reflexivity development as a complex relational process of personal development, highlighting the training group's critical role, nonetheless depending on certain preconditions. The importance of further exploring group processes' potential for reflexivity development in psychotherapy training is underscored.

Lo enfoques construccionistas en el ámbito de la terapia familiar sistémica priorizan la reflexividad para promover el desarrollo personal dentro de la capacitación, generalmente apoyándose en procesos grupales. Valiéndonos de un estudio cualitativo que realizamos para abordar la falta de investigaciones relacionadas, presentamos la manera en la que los practicantes de la terapia familiar sistémica experimentan el desarrollo de la reflexividad mediante procesos grupales. Diez practicantes de terapia familiar sistémica participaron en entrevistas semiestructuradas, transcriptas y analizadas con el análisis fenomenológico interpretativo. Los análisis presentados aquí informan tres temas superordinados: el desarrollo de la reflexividad mediante desafíos y recompensas, un espacio reflexivo condicional dentro del grupo de capacitación, el encuentro de la dinámica de identidad mediante procesos grupales reflexivos. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los practicantes experimentan el desarrollo de la reflexividad como un proceso complejo de desarrollo personal relacional que destaca el papel fundamental del grupo de capacitación, pero que depende de ciertas precondiciones. Se subraya la importancia de analizar con mayor profundidad la posibilidad de desarrollo de la reflexividad en los procesos grupales durante la capacitación en psicoterapia.

Supporting effective participation in health guideline development groups: The Guideline Participant Tool.

OBJECTIVES: Health guidelines are a key knowledge translation tool produced and used by numerous stakeholders worldwide. Effective participation in guideline development groups or development groups is crucial for guideline success, yet little guidance exists for members of these groups. In this study, we present the Guideline Participant Tool (GPT) to support effective participation in guideline groups, in particular those using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We used a mixed methods and iterative approach to develop a tool to support guideline participation. We used the findings of a published systematic review to develop an initial list of items for considerations for guideline participants. Then, we refined this list through key informant interviews with guideline chairs, sponsors, and participants. Finally, we validated the GPT in three guideline groups with 26 guideline group members. RESULTS: The initial list of items based on 37 articles from the existing systematic review included 15 themes and 61 items for a draft tool. Ten key informant interviews helped us refine the list to include the following themes: selection of participants, guideline group process, and tool format. 26 respondents completed the validation survey from three guideline groups. Refinement of the tool ultimately generated a GPT with 33 items for participant consideration before, during, and in follow-up to guideline group meetings. CONCLUSION: The GPT contains helpful guidance for all guideline participants, particularly those without previous guideline experience. Future research should further explore the need for additional tools to support guideline participants and identify and develop strategies for improving guideline members' participation in guideline groups. This work will be incorporated into INGUIDE.org guideline training and credentialing efforts by the Guidelines International Network and McMaster University.

Loneliness in assisted living facilities: An exploration of the group process.

BACKGROUND: More than one in three older people in assisted living facilities suffer from loneliness that leads to adverse health outcomes. Group work may have the potential to improve residents' quality of life. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this feasibility study was to thoroughly describe a facilitated group process and compare its effects on cognitively impaired (n = 6) and cognitively intact (n = 7) lonely resident groups in assisted living facilities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used a closed, occupational therapy-oriented group model designed for lonely people. The study used a qualitative, multi-method approach. Material included individual and focus group interviews, observations and the facilitators' field diaries. RESULTS: Loneliness was reflected in diverse ways in both groups. Meaningful activities in mutual interaction played an important role in empowering the participants and enabling the development of the group process. Group processes had similar, parallel steps, from which the participants seemed to benefit. Surprisingly, the cognitively impaired group progressed towards self-direction more quickly than the cognitively intact group. CONCLUSIONS: A group process with clearly progressing steps revealed that lonely older people are capable of empowerment and self-direction - despite their frailty and cognitive impairment. Facilitators should be familiar with group processes to enable them to progress effectively.

Peer and Non-Peer Co-Facilitation of a Health and Wellness Intervention for Adults with Serious Mental Illness.

Peer specialists, or individuals with lived experience of mental health conditions who support the mental health recovery of others, often work side-by-side with traditional providers (non-peers) in the delivery of treatment groups. The present study aimed to examine group participant and peer provider experiences with peer and non-peer group co-facilitation. Data from a randomized controlled trial of Living Well, a peer and non-peer co-facilitated intervention for medical illness management for adults with serious mental illness, were utilized. A subset of Living Well participants (n = 16) and all peer facilitators (n = 3) completed qualitative interviews. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using a general inductive approach and thematic analysis. The complementary perspectives of the facilitators, teamwork between them, skillful group pacing, and peer facilitator self-disclosure contributed to a warm, respectful, and interactive group atmosphere, which created an environment conducive to social learning. Guidelines for successful co-facilitation emerging from this work are described.